CANNABINOIDS
The cannabis plant has more than 700 chemicals, with phytocannabinoids and terpenoids being the principle active ingredients. As our body produces it’s own endocannabinoids, we can make an assumption that the cannabis plant was put on earth for our well-being as phytocannabinoids supplement an endocannabinoid deficient state and help enhance or stabilize our internal equilibrium.
Phytocannabinoids are created in the form of acids. They turn to their neutral state only when decarboxylated through heat and/or pressure. This conversion of state is a result of smoking, vaping, cooking, or basic / poor storage for a period of time. This is where you see THCA - CBDA turn into THC - CBD. Pythocannabinoids are non-toxic and have very high lethal-dose requirements in humans, hence there being 0 deaths directly associated with cannabis chemicals. There is a very small percentage of psychoactive cannabinoids within the cannabis family. There are only 3 psychoactive cannabis chemicals out of more than 200: (THC - THCV - THCP). If a plant was pure THCA it could never get you high by touch or even consumption. The THCA flower, oil, or consumable has to be decarboxylated for it to turn into it’s psychoactive THC counterpart.
The definition of cannabinoids goes beyond the cannabis plant, and includes any natural plant compounds that interact with cannabinoid receptors such as lichens, copaiba, and black pepper.
Recent research has shown us that various varieties of cannabis have different medicinal and physical effects because of how each cannabinoid interacts with one another and terpenoids. Cannabinoids and terpenes are responsible for the differences in each variety of cannabis, this synergy creates the “ENTOURAGE EFFECT” “HERBAL SHOTGUN” “MAGIC BULLET”. This information is critical to understanding what cannabis product and chemical profile is best for you.
Full Spectrum: Products have been seen to have a higher medicinal bioavailability and efficacy as the chemical bonds are never broken through the concentrate process.
Broad Spectrum: These products chemical constituents have been separated for a more curated benefit, however they are not as bioavailable because it lost chemicals during processing. These products do work, but more for people that may be sensitive to certain cannabioids or terpenes, looking for an exact physical feeling, or not looking to have high amounts of THC in their system.
According to the study
“Phytocannabinoids: A Unified Critical Inventory” in 2016 identified over 200 phytocannabinoids, but only a few cannabinoids are produced in significant quantities.
4 Primary Cannabinoids:
Cannabigerol: CBGA - CBG
Cannabichromene: CBCA - CBC
Cannabidiol: CBDA - CBD
Tetrahydrocannabinol: THCA - THC
Secondary Cannabinoids:
Cannabinol: CBNA - CBN or THC-CBN
Tetrahydrocannabivarin: THCVA -THCV
Cannabidivarin: CBDVA-CBDV
Cannabigerol: (
CBGA - CBG)
Boiling Point: 248F
Through decarboxylation (application of heat and time) CBGA converts to CBG
(Analgesic non-intoxicating cannabinoid)
Non-Psychoactive: Negates THC’s psychoactive properties by blocking CB1 receptors from being activated by THC.
Possible Benefits of CBG:
Appetite-stimulant
Anti-anxiety
Anti-cancer
Anti-psychotropic
Anti-glaucoma
Antibacterial
Anti-inflammatory
Stimulate Bone Growth
Neuroprotectant
Neurogenesis
Preclinical Research:
CBG stimulates new bone marrow cells, through activation of CB2 receptors. Suggesting, CBG can promote bone growth and help heal bone fractures
Contains Antioxidant, Neuroprotectant, and Neurogenesis properties, has potential in stimulating NEW brain cells.
Potent appetite stimulator, can stimulate appetite in vertebrates that were just fed.
Potential relief for chemo-therapy induced cachexia.
Effective in treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBS)
Potent anti—bacterial properties against pathogens (MRSA)
Potential Anti-Tumor properties specifically in Oral & Prostate cancers.
General Information:
Mother (precursor) cannabinoid. CBG’s is the cannabis plants mechanism in biosynthesizing THC, CBD, and CBC.
Interacts with receptors outside of the ECS, such as adrenoreceptors and 5HT1A Serotonin receptors.
Third most prevalent cannabinoid.
More abundant in fiber hemp then the drug cannabis varieties.
Only a few “non-hemp” varieties will have significant amounts of CBG at maturity.
Greater then 1.5% of CBG can be found in high ocimene cultivars and sweet skunk varieties.
*REMEBER TO CHECK THE PROFILE FOR CANNABINOID AND TERPENE CONCENTRATION*
Cannabichromene: CBCA-CBC
Boiling Point: 284F
(Analgesic non-intoxicating cannabinoid)
Possible Benefits of CBC:
Anti-Depression
Anti-Anxiety
Analgesic (Pain Relieving)
Neuroprotectant
Anti-Cancer
Pre-Clinical Research:
Strong Anti-Depressant and Anxiety properties ( 10X stronger then CBD in relieving depression and anxiety disorders.
Relieves migraines through it’s analgesic properties
Constricts the blood vessels
Lowers pain levels
Soothes inflammation
Stimulates bone repair and growth
Hinders cancer cell growth
Kills fungal and bacterial infections
Neuroprotectant & Neurogenesis
General Information:
CBC works best with other cannabinoids
Unlike CBD, CBC increases the psychoactive experience
Does not interact with classic cannabinoid receptors found in the ECS.
CBC primarily targets the TRP channels (TRPV1 & TRPA1)(pain and temperature signaling)
When CBC activates TRP receptors, your body creates more endocannabinoids
In order to get an good amount of CBC, growers will have to collect immature flowers (6 weeks before floral maturity)
*REMEBER TO CHECK THE PROFILE FOR CANNABINOID AND TERPENE CONCENTRATION*
Cannabidiol: CBDA - CBD
Boiling Point: 266F
Non-Psychoactive:
CBD acts as a negative allosteric modulator for THC’s interaction at the CB1 receptor, where CBD interferes with THC’s inability to activate the CB1 receptor.
When paired with THC, CBD can reduce or eliminate THC’s psychoactive experience, induced sedation, anxiety, or rapid heart beat.
CBD also reduces THC’s metabolism in the liver thus prolonging THC’s therapy.
Best For:
Epilepsy
Insomnia
Chronic Pain
Multiple Sclerosis
Skin Conditions
Possible Benefits of CBD:
Equilibrium Regulation
Anti-Cancer / Anti-Tumor
Mood Regulator (Depression / Anxiety)
Anti-Seizure /convulsant / epilepsy
Anti-Oxidant
Neuroprotectant
Anti-Pathogen
Analgesic (Pain Reliever)
Anti-Inflammation
Regulates and prohibits habits (eating, drinking, smoking, etc)
Pre-Clinical Research:
CBDA has been shown to have strong anti-nausea properties for severe nausea.
CBD interacts with a wide range of receptors, even more then THC. CBD indirectly activates, inhibits, and modulates with CB1, CB2, GPR18, GPR55, and TRPV1 receptors, these interactions have shown promise in CBD treating conditions like strokes, seizures, pain, depression, acne, etc….
CBD directly activates, inhibits, and modulates, adenosine, glycine, Serotonin-5HT1A receptors, dopamine, GABBA, adreno receptors, and delta opioid receptors, these interactions have shown promise in sleep, mood, eating, and habit regulation.
General Information:
The Most abundant cannabinoid in nature
CBDA converts into CBD through decarboxylation (heat over time)
CBDA and all other acidic cannabinoids have been found to be more potent and bioavailable then neutral cannabinoids.
Prevents breakdown of naturally occurring endocannabinoids
Side Effects of CBD:
Low blood pressure (defined as blood pressure below 110/80 mm Hg)
Dry mouth (Xerostomia)
Fatigue
Diarrhea
Poor appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Skin rash
*REMEBER TO CHECK THE PROFILE FOR CANNABINOID AND TERPENE CONCENTRATION*
THCA: “Non-Psychoactive”
Boiling Point: (220 F)
Decarboxylates and turns into the psychoactive compound THC.
Best For:
Anti-Inflammation
Appetite Stimulant
Anti-Tumor
Anti-Insomnia
Anti-Convulsant
Recent studies have indicated THCA has higher bioavailability then THC.
Delta-9 THC:
Psychoactive / Non-Toxic
Boiling Point: 315 F
Best For:
Chronic Pain / Severe Pain / Sharp Pain
Stress
Insomnia
Reproduction issues
Heart Disease
Lung disease
Cancer
Appetite
Glaucoma
Observed Benefits:
Neuroprotective
Reducing Interocular pressure
Muscle Spasticity
Muscle Tension
Alleviates chronic pain
Supports neurological function in patients with nerve disorders (such as MS)
Reduces inflammation
Sleep-supportive (in lower doses)
Stimulant (in higher doses)
Reduces intraocular pressure to alleviate glaucoma pain
Stimulates the appetite
General Information:
High doses of THC over time are linked to selective CB receptor downregulation (reduced density of receptors) increasing tolerance of THC and decreasing relief therapy
The production of THCA in cannabis occurs when the enzyme (delta-9 THCA synthase) catalyzes formation with CBGA.
Interacts with both CB1, CB2, GPR, and TRP receptors
Overtime - through heat and light exposure Delta-9 will turn into Delta-8 and eventually into CBN “Non-Psychoactive Sedative”
Side Effects: “Psychotoxic”
Panic
Anxiety
Sedation
Rapid heart beat
Most adverse effects decline over a course of treatment
If you are having an uncomfortable experience use at least 4x more CBD then THC in your system.
Quickest relief will be with inhalable CBD products.
Mix CBD with THC to increase relief and mellow out the psychoactive
Delta-8:
Psychoactive / Non-Toxic /
Calming psychotropic event without the anxiety or paranoia.
Boiling Point:
Best For:
Anxiety
Focus
Pain
Inflammation
Nausea
Appetite
Observed Benefits:
“Anecdotal reports of people using delta 8 THC who claim the high from this cannabinoid is similar to THC but allows for a much more clear-headed focus. Delta-9 THC is notorious for causing anxiety, which can interfere with focus.” - dailycbd.com/en/delta-8-thc
“Pre-clinical study done in 2018 found that topical administration of delta 8 THC produced significant improvements in pain and inflammation associated with eye injuries. This benefit was shown to work primarily through the activation of the CB1 endocannabinoid receptors.” - dailycbd.com/en/delta-8-thc
“In 1995 a group of cancer patients received a dose of delta 8 THC 2 hours before each treatment and continued every 6 hours afterward for a total of 24 hours. This study reported complete prevention of nausea symptoms without any major side-effects.” - dailycbd.com/en/delta-8-thc
“Both Delta 8 & 9 THC are potent appetite stimulants. However Delta 8 THC is considered the stronger of the two - Increasing the feeding patterns of mice in one study by 22%.” - dailycbd.com/en/delta-8-thc
General Information
Delta 8 and Delta 9 are very similar in their chemical structure, effects, and health benefits. The difference is that Delta 8 doesn’t produce anxiety or paranoia.
In having a double bond on it’s 8th carbon chain other then on the 9th (delta-9) It produces a noticeable difference in the way it effects the user.
Delta 8 has a longer shelf life then delta 9. Overtime delta 9 oxidizes into delta-8 and then eventually into CBN (non-psychoactive sedative)
Delta 8 is produced in trace amounts in both hemp and marijuana, There is no such thing as delta-8 flower!!!
In order to produce strong delta 8 products, the delta 8 needs to be extracted from the cannabis plant.
Most Delta-8 products aren’t entirely isolates because of the scarcity of delta-8 in plants. They are usually mixed with CBD-CBN-Delta-9.
Delta 8 THC products can be made relatively cheaply from marijuana plants — but these products aren’t legal on a federal level in the United States and many other countries around the world.
Delta 8 THC products can be made relatively cheaply from marijuana plants — but these products aren’t legal on a federal level in the United States and many other countries around the world.
Side Effects:
Strong Appetite
*REMEBER TO CHECK THE PROFILE FOR CANNABINOID AND TERPENE CONCENTRATION*
Tetrahydrocannabivarin: (THCV)
Mildly psychoactive & Focusing
Boiling Point:
Potential Benefits:
Appetite Suppression
Pain
inflammation
Focus
Acne prevention
Stimulates new bone tissue
Neuroprotectant
Reduce insulin resistance
Could prevent Parkinsons
Observed Benefits:
Animal studies have shown THCV may be able to lower insulin levels in diabetics
THCV has also been implicated as an anti-acne agent when applied topically
Other studies suggest THCV may possess neuroprotective effects, making it a useful cannabinoid in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease
In vitro (early stages of research) has shown THCV can stimulate collagen and bone formation [5]. Future studies should be done to assess whether these effects apply in animal studies as well. If true, THCV could be a promising treatment option for joint and bone diseases such as arthritis or osteoporosis.
Observed Information From:
dailycbd.com/en/thcv
General Information:
THCV is 25% as potent as THC.
Mildly psychoctive, it is a CB1 agonist, where t binds to the CB1 receptors (responsible for the high) but doesn’t activate these receptors.
Creates a sense of clarity.
Found in tropical landraces
Cannabinol: (CBN)
Non-Psychoactive - Sedative -
Mildly psychoactive during high doses.
Boiling Point:
Potential Benefits:
Appetite Stimulation
Pain
Inflammation
Muscle Relaxation
Microorganism protection (bacteria - fungus-Sepsis)
Protection from ALS.
Observed Benefits:
CBN may offer neuroprotective benefits — Animal studies have shown CBN may offer neuroprotective effects against ALS.
CBN may inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms — in vitro research has shown that CBN concentrates inhibit the growth of several methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains.
CBN is a potent appetite stimulant — animal studies have shown CBN increased the duration and frequency of feeding times in rats.
CBN may alleviate arthritis symptoms — Mice given CBN were protected from the development of collagen-induced arthritis compared to the control group.
CBN may reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma — Early studies suggest CBN shares similar effects on reducing IOP as THC.
CBN is a muscle-relaxant — In vitro research has shown that CBN on its own and in combination with CBD offers potent muscle-relaxant and analgesic effects.
Observed Information From:
dailycbd.com/en/cbn
General Information:
Aged THC, or THC that has been exposed to direct sunlight and heat oxidize into CBN.
Effects of CBN are about 10% as strong as THC. This could produce a psychotropic event for THC sensitive users, but most people won’t feel high.
CBN physical effects are disputed.
Most patients experience sedation, while some can experience bouts of energy.
When CBN is paired with THC, psychoactivity and sedation is increased.